Solar Panels

How Solar Panels Work

Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. Here’s a step-by-step overview of how they work:

1. Absorption of Sunlight

Solar panels are composed of many solar cells made from semiconductor materials, typically silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, it knocks electrons loose from their atoms.

2. Generation of Direct Current (DC)

The loose electrons flow through the semiconductor material, creating an electric current. This current is known as direct current (DC) electricity.

3. Conversion to Alternating Current (AC)

The DC electricity generated by the solar panels is not suitable for most home appliances, which run on alternating current (AC) electricity. An inverter converts the DC electricity into AC electricity that can be used in your home.

4. Powering Your Home

The converted AC electricity is then used to power your home. Any excess electricity generated can be stored in batteries or fed back into the grid, depending on your system setup.

5. Net Metering

If your solar panels produce more electricity than you use, the excess can be sent back to the grid. Net metering allows you to earn credits on your utility bill for this excess power, providing further savings.

Types of Solar Panels

There are three main types of solar panels: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Advantages:

- High Efficiency: Monocrystalline panels are known for their high efficiency rates and superior performance in low-light conditions.
- Space Efficiency: They require less space compared to other types for the same amount of power generation.
- Longevity: Typically have a longer lifespan and come with longer warranties.

Disadvantages:

- Cost: They are generally more expensive than other types of panels.

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Advantages:

- Cost-Effective: Polycrystalline panels are less expensive to produce, making them a more budget-friendly option.
- Decent Efficiency: They offer a good balance of efficiency and cost.

Disadvantages:

- Lower Efficiency: Slightly less efficient compared to monocrystalline panels.
- Space Requirements: They require more space to generate the same amount of power as monocrystalline panels.

Thin-Film Solar Panels

Advantages:

- Flexibility: Thin-film panels are lightweight and flexible, making them suitable for various applications.
- Cost: They are generally the least expensive option.

Disadvantages:

- Lower Efficiency: They have lower efficiency rates compared to crystalline panels.
- Space Requirements: Require significantly more space for the same power output.
- Durability: Typically have a shorter lifespan and may come with shorter warranties.

How to Choose the Right Solar Panel

Choosing the right solar panel depends on several factors, including your budget, available space, and energy needs. Here are some key considerations:

1. Energy Needs

Calculate your household’s energy consumption to determine how much power you need your solar panels to generate. Check your utility bills to understand your monthly and annual energy usage.

2. Available Space

Assess the space available on your roof or property for solar panel installation. If you have limited space, you might need more efficient panels (like monocrystalline) to meet your energy needs.

3. Budget

Consider your budget for the initial investment in solar panels. While monocrystalline panels are more efficient, they are also more expensive. Polycrystalline panels offer a good balance of cost and efficiency, while thin-film panels are more affordable but less efficient.

4. Efficiency and Performance

Evaluate the efficiency of different panels. Higher efficiency panels (like monocrystalline) can generate more power in a smaller space, which is beneficial if you have limited installation area.

5. Durability and Warranty

Look for panels with a strong warranty and good durability. Most quality panels come with warranties ranging from 20 to 25 years. Consider the long-term performance and reliability of the panels.

6. Local Incentives and Rebates

Research local incentives, rebates, and tax credits that can reduce the overall cost of your solar panel system. These incentives can vary by location and can significantly impact your return on investment.

7. Installer Reputation

Choose a reputable installer with good reviews and a track record of quality installations. The quality of the installation can affect the performance and longevity of your solar panel system.

“When we evaluated whether solar was right for us, TruNorth Solar laid out the facts honestly and with no reservation in every conversation we had. From the initial design to the eventual build, each employee showed their excitement for solar and genuine wish to see that we were happy with the end product. We are extremely pleased with our array, so much so that we may add another.”

Ryan McAnnanyInver Grove Heights

“Our solar panels were installed in late August. The crew was conscientious about ensuring good-looking installation. We were pleasantly surprised when the bill for September’s gas and electricity arrived – 13 cents! With the 30% federal tax credit and Made in Minnesota payments during the first 10 years, investing in solar makes great financial sense. We look forward to low utilities bills in our retirement AND we feel great about reducing our carbon footprint.”

Janna KingRoseville, MN

“We have known Marty and James from TruNorth since 2012. They installed our solar roof (pun intended) and have maintained it ever since. When 1 of 38 inverters failed a few years ago, it was magically replaced after a quick call to TruNorth and we weren’t even at home for that. Marty and the team are experienced, competent, responsive and driven.”

Alex Matusevich & Jason BrightMinneapolis MN

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Ben Gerber

I work in the energy industry and when it comes to residential rooftop solar, there are only a few companies I would trust. TruNorth is one of them. Marti did an excellent job and kept me updated on the process. Everyone on his team was professional, nice, and could not say enough good things about working for the company. The process from estimate to installation went way quicker than I expected, and I never had doubts about the status as I was constantly updated on timing. Two years after getting solar I got my first ev. I asked a question to Marti and he mentioend that he also installs ev chargers. Not only was Marti significantly cheaper than the other estimates, the job took less than 2 hours and his staff were once again friendly, fun to talk to, and professional. I cannot recomend them enough, and being in the renewable energy industry I have heard horror stories about scammers, poor workmanship, and other tragedies that harm the industries reptuation. I would not worry about that with TruNorth, they are the real deal.

Wayne L.

Great business, they really listened. No high pressure sales pitch. They are one of the few companies that didn't try the "hard sell". I'm definitely having them install a system.Design is complete, waiting for Xcel Energy to approve, then next step is ordering material, then install, can't wait.

Kyle P.

TruNorth Solar installed a 12k solar system for us. The entire team, including James, Donna, Don, Ben, Steve, Tony, were all fantastic. They made the entire process relatively easy, and they adapted to what we were seeking. They were also quick to respond to requests. I would certainly use them again for any solar needs.

Tom Browne

It took a couple of years to finally get the installation because the city of Saint Paul has ridiculous ordinances (imho) and I needed a structural assessment.

John Bloomquist

TruNorth Solar was a straightforward, professional, and easy to work with. I also had them perform additional electrical changes that they did at the same time as the solar installation for a seamless look. They communicated with me continuously throughout the project, and I got daily updates when the physical work was being performed. I am pleased with their workmanship - it looks great! I highly recommend TruNorth Solar to anyone looking to make the transition to solar.

Ted Greenbaum

We had our solar system installed this past September and couldn’t be more pleased with the whole TruNorth process. From the start of our investigation into solarizing, TruNorth was extremely helpful in navigating the entire process, from what to expect regarding system output, federal, state and utility credits, where to get the best financing and what to know about the installation process. Since the installation, our electric meter has continued to go backwards. We are totally satisfied!

Lauren Lindelof

I really enjoyed working with TruNorth to install solar panels on my home. They were always quick to respond with my questions, and they gave me different options on the amount of panels I could choose from. Their crew was friendly and professional. They explained the details of my system and had it up and online in about 2 weeks. They are a very solid company that will continue to be around. I highly recommend them. Lauren L. in Wayzata

Stephanie Daily

From start to finish, working with TruNorth Solar was a wonderful experience. The initial contact quickly led to the assessment and computer-generated site plan. The work was started in November of 2022 and only took a few days. Very professional and respectful. Great company to work with.

Shaan Hamilton

TruNorth Solar did an excellent job with our solar installation.

Dang Neng

Installation was very quick and efficient. Works very well and helps saved me a lot on the electricity bill.

“TruNorth was great to work with throughout the process of selecting and installing our solar system. TruNorth’s sales personnel were informative, but never pushy. We were provided with options that made our selection process easier. I was particularly impressed throughout the installation process. As a construction lawyer, I know that one of the things that sets good contractors apart is good communication with homeowners. We really appreciated that TruNorth worked around our schedule and kept us informed as the project progressed. We received a phone call and email communication each day to let us know how the work was progressing, and what to expect for the next day or week. At the end, they made sure we understood how the system worked and how to monitor it. It has been a great experience working with TruNorth.”

Robert Shainess

Minnetonka

“The TruNorth team communicated well throughout the project and a focus on that was evident in their processes. The proposal estimates have been accurate and I’ve calculated a 15% return on the investment since installation. Thanks!”

Jay Sachetti

Minnetonka

Ryan McAnnany

Inver Grove Heights

“My wife and I were both very impressed with the level of service we received from TruNorth. When we originally decide to have solar installed we got quotes from TruNorth and two of their competitors. We ended up selecting one of the other installers which turned out to be a huge mistake. The project basically didn’t go anywhere for 7 months and the level of communication was terrible. In a last ditch effort to save the project I called Marty to see if he would be interested in taking on the job. He jumped right on it and I felt like more happened in the first week than in the entire time we were with the other company. From then on I received weekly calls from our Project Manager Charlie and they hit every timeline they had originally quoted. We couldn’t be happier with how the project turned out. There is no doubt in my mind that TruNorth will be a major player in the solar installation business for years to come after seeing how they operate compared to their competitors.”

Ryan and Shelly Bormann

Maple Grove, MN

“We would absolutely recommend TruNorth. We enjoyed working with each person we met from TruNorth and we love our system. We love how committed to green energy and solar technology the whole TruNorth company really is. We have enjoyed further conversation and dialogue with them about how our system is working, how other systems work. They monitor our system and have come back twice to make small adjustments to help it operate even better. They are a professional and committed group and we are delighted to have worked with them.”

Fred Rogers

Northfield, MN

“Working with TruNorth Solar has been a pleasure! I met Marty approximately two years ago while shopping around for some ideas on Geothermal heating and cooling and or solar and wind production of electricity. Marty was very generous with his time in answering questions and helping me understand the various realities of each system. He listened to my thoughts and issues and gave me guidance with patience as I worked through my options. We reworked the plan several times until a ground mount solar array design was just right for my property. Once, that was accomplished, Marty moved through the steps to final installation keeping me informed of every aspect as it moved through the process. During installation his staff was on task, friendly and very considerate of our property. It has been a pleasure and privilege to work with them to complete this environmental friendly goal.”

Dr. Dennis J. Grabowski

Lake Elmo, MN

Janna King

Roseville, MN

“I was impressed with the overall project; from planning to installation. You were very thorough in your research and proposal. The installation went exactly as planned. It was a pleasure doing business with a true professional!”

Kim Beauclair (Beauclair Construction & Cabinetry)

Inver Grove Heights, MN

“It was a pleasure working with you and your Team at TruNorthSolar. From start to finish the communication that I received from you and the installation crews was nothing short of exceptional. As you know I did extensive research on not only the panel system but the structure and hardware that the panels will be fastened too for the next several decades. I was very impressed with the amount of non-corrosive material that was used in the structure that holds the panels. The use of Aluminum, Stainless Steel and Galvanized Hardware means that for many years (decades) there will be little to no hardware maintenance with this system. The quality and integrity of how the installation process proceeded made this project one of the easiest projects I have ever been involved with. Kudos to you and your crew!!”

Loren O’Brien (B&F Fastener Supply)

Ramsey, MN

Alex Matusevich & Jason Bright

Minneapolis MN

“My husband and I have just had the privilege of working with Marty Morud who installed 36 solar panels on our 1916 year old house in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis. I cannot rave enough about Marty’s work. He presented us with thoughtful options, helped us to select the best for our situation, kept to a schedule and delivered services in a timely manner. He was always respectful, tidy — and a patient teacher for me, learning this new “green” vocabulary. I am happy to talk further about Marty and would be delighted to showcase his work on our roof.Please do not hesitate to contact me.”

Margaret Shulman

Minneapolis MN

Solar Panels

How Solar Panels Work

Types of Solar Panels

How to Choose the Right Solar Panel

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